Questionnaire for Meta Analysis

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1. Gene V. Glass introduced meta-analysis to address biases in which field?

2. Meta-analysis synthesizes results by focusing on:

3. The ‘’PICO framework’’ explicitly includes:

4. Which is a key advantage of meta-analysis over single studies?

5. A random-effects model is most appropriate when: 

6. The ‘’I² statistic’’ measures:

7. Which metric is used for binary outcomes (e.g., survival vs. death)?

8. A forest plot’s ‘’diamond shape’’ represents:

9. Which software is endorsed by Cochrane for systematic reviews?

10. Boolean operators (AND/OR/NOT) are primarily used during:

11. The ‘’PRISMA flowchart’’ is used to:

12. Hedges’ g adjusts for bias in:

13. Funnel plot asymmetry is a sign of:

14. To address missing data in included studies, researchers should:

15. The ‘’trim-and-fill’’ method corrects for:

16. Meta-analysis in environmental science often evaluates:

17. A correlation coefficient (‘’r’’) of +0.9 indicates:

18. Meta-regression investigates how _____ affects effect sizes.

19. Sensitivity analysis tests the robustness of results by:

20. A meta-analysis on “antidepressants for adolescents” reports I² = 90%. The best next step is

21. In a forest plot, a study’s confidence interval crosses the line of no effect. This implies:

22. A PICO question asks: “Does mindfulness reduce anxiety in college students compared to no intervention?” The ‘’Comparison’’ is:

23. To assess if study duration influences drug efficacy, use:

24. Excluding non-English studies may introduce:

25. The ‘’Cochrane Handbook’’ provides guidelines for:

26. The Q-test evaluates:

27.  A fixed-effect model assumes:

28. Which metric standardizes outcomes across different measurement scales?

29. Egger’s test is used to assess:

30. The *line of no effect* in a forest plot corresponds to:

31. Double-checking data entries during extraction aims to reduce:

32. The Risk of Bias (RoB) tool evaluates:

33.  Inclusion criteria for studies should be based on:

34. Inter-rater reliability (e.g., Cohen’s kappa) ensures:

35. The ‘’Campbell Collaboration’’ focuses on meta-analysis in:

36. A ‘’sensitivity analysis’’ might involve:

37. Which effect size is dimensionless?

38. The “file drawer problem” refers to:

39. Meta-analysis conclusions are strongest when:

40. Which step ensures reproducibility in meta-analysis?

41. A study with ‘’wide confidence intervals’’ suggests:

42. The ‘’trim-and-fill’’ method imputes missing studies to adjust:

43. A ‘’subgroup analysis’’ explores differences based on:

44. The ‘’PRISMA Statement’’ requires reporting:

45. In meta-analysis, ‘’weighting’’ typically prioritizes:

46. A ‘’cumulative meta-analysis’’:

47.  The ‘’fail-safe N’’ statistic estimates:

48. A ‘’network meta-analysis’’ compares:

49. The ‘’GRADE framework’’ assesses:

50. A meta-analysis with ‘’high statistical power’’ is more likely to: